Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder: Bipolar disorder (BD), previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and abnormally elevated mood, lasting days to weeks, and in some cases months. If the elevated mood is severe or associated with psychosis, it is called mania; if it does not significantly affect functioning, it is called hypomania. During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy, or irritable, and often makes impulsive decisions with little regard for the consequences. There is usually sleep disturbance during manic phases. During periods of depression, the individual may experience crying, have a negative outlook, and demonstrate poor eye contact. People with BD are at 11.7 times greater risk of dying by suicide than the general population. Approximately 34% attempt suicide during their lifetime. Among adolescents with BD, 78% engaged in self-harm.

Bipolar Disorder arises due to factors affecting the Mental Health & Behavioral System. Mental health conditions involve complex interactions between brain chemistry, neural circuitry, psychological experiences, and social environment. While individual cases vary, a combination of genetic susceptibility, lifestyle factors, and environmental exposures typically contribute to the development of Bipolar Disorder.